Guía de Escritura: Textos Narrativos
El objetivo de una narración ('narrative text') es, principalmente, contar una historia. La mayoría de las historias que leemos están escritas siguiendo las características de los textos narrativos.
Cuando vas contar una historia debemos seguir unas pautas para que incluya la información necesaria de este tipo de textos. Intenta seguir estos pasos:
Antes de escribir es importante planear la historia que vas a contar. Intenta pensar en el mayor número de detalles posible.
Recuerda que es importante que digas quién participó, qué ocurrió, dónde, cuándo y también por qué.
Comienza a escribir tu artículo enlazando las ideas con los conectores adecuados. Intenta evitar repetir siempre los mismos.
Recuerda que un texto narrativo puede incluir otros tipos de texto, como los diálogos, las descripciones, etc.
Cuando contamos una historia no es necesario utilizar un esquema concreto. Sin embargo, vamos a seguir la siguiente estructura para los textos que escribamos.
1. APERTURA
En la introducción debes incluir toda la información referente a los participantes, la situación, el lugar, el momento y la razón de tu historia.
2. DESARROLLO
En el desarrollo debes incluir los diferentes eventos que van ocurriendo en tu historia. No es necesario seguir un orden concreto, pero si debes organizar el orden antes de comenzar a escribir.
* Recuerda que el desarrollo puede estar dividido en varios párrafos.
3. FINAL
La última parte de tu texto debe ser el final de la historia. Debes contar el desenlace de la misma e intentar que sea sorprendente para el lector.
Hay ciertos aspectos que debes tener en cuenta cuando cuentas una historia. Entre esos aspectos están los siguientes:
OBSERVACIÓN: Es importante incluir descripciones de los lugares, personas, objetos, etc. porque el lector comprenderá mejor la situación de la historia.
ESTILO: El estilo va asociado a una buena organización. Intenta organizar las cosas y utilizar los conectores adecuados. El uso de adjetivos también enriquece el texto.
ORDEN: El orden en que describimos las cosas depende de cómo quieras enfocar la historia. Puedes utilizar 'flashbacks' o 'flashforwards' para que el lector conozca cosas que sucedieron en el pasado o que van a ocurrir en el futuro.
Para escribir un texto narrativo puedes utilizar algunas de las expresiones útiles. Recuerda, en primer lugar, que debes utilizar los conectores de secuencia.
first • at first • in the beginning • before • next • then • soon • meanwhile •
later • after that • afterwards • at last • eventually • finally • in the end •
Existen otras expresiones útiles que son muy comunes en los textos narrativos. Entre esas expresiones se encuentran las siguientes:
It all began when... • Suddenly, ... • That's when... • It was a sunny day... •
As soon as... • I felt... • ...two years ago. • ... last year. •
* Fíjate en la puntuación de las frases, especialmente aquellas expresiones que van acompañadas de una coma.
The Book Gift
It was his birthday and he was feeling lonely. He had no friends or family to celebrate with. He lived in a small apartment in a big city, where he worked as a cashier in a supermarket. He hated his job and his life.
He decided to go for a walk and try to cheer himself up. He wandered around the streets, looking at the shops and the people. He felt like an outsider, a stranger in his own world.
He saw a bookstore and decided to enter. He loved books and reading. They were his only escape from reality. He browsed through the shelves, looking for something interesting. He found a book that caught his eye. It was a collection of short stories by his favorite author. He picked it up and opened it.
He was surprised to see a note inside. It was written in a neat handwriting and it said: "Happy birthday! I hope you enjoy this book as much as I did. You have a gift for writing and I want you to pursue your dreams. Don't give up on yourself. You are not alone. Love, your secret admirer."
He looked around, wondering who had left the note. He saw a girl smiling at him from the other side of the store. She had long blonde hair and blue eyes. She looked familiar, but he couldn't remember where he had seen her before.
She waved at him and walked towards him. She said: "Hi, I'm Lisa. I work with you at the supermarket. I've always liked you, but I was too shy to talk to you. I saw you coming here and I wanted to give you this book as a gift. I hope you don't mind."
He was speechless. He couldn't believe what was happening. He felt a warm feeling in his chest. He smiled and said: "Thank you, Lisa. This is the best gift I've ever received. And you are the best thing that ever happened to me."
They hugged. They felt a connection that they had never felt before. They decided to go out for dinner and get to know each other better.
He realized that his life was not so bad after all. He had found someone who cared for him and who shared his passion for books and writing.
He had found love.
